PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL

Problem-based Learning (PBL)

• Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learning system that recognizes the need to develop problem solving skills,  self-directed learning, collaboration skills, intrinsic motivation  and helping students to earn necessary knowledge and skill.
• Student-centered. 
• Teacher as a facilitator
• learning occurs in small groups

6 Step in PBL:

 

1. Present the problem statement.

 Introduce an "ill-structured" problem or scenario to students. They should not have enough prior knowledge to solve the problem. This simply means they will have to gather necessary information or learn new concepts, principles, or skills as they engage in the problem-solving process.

2. List what is known.

 Student groups list what they know about the scenario. This information is kept under the heading: "What do we know?" This may include data from the situation as well as information based on prior knowledge.

 
3. Develop a problem statement.

 A problem statement should come from the students' analysis of what they know. The problem statement will probably have to be refined as new information is discovered and brought to bear on the situation. Typical problem statements may be based on discrepant events, incongruities, anomalies, or stated needs of a client.

4. List what is needed.

 Presented with a problem, students will need to find information to fill in missing gaps. A second list is prepared under the heading: "What do we need to know?" These questions will guide searches that may take place on-line, in the library, and in other out-of-class searches

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5. Action or Solution

List possible actions, recommendations, solutions, or hypotheses. Under the heading: "What should we do?" students list actions to be taken (e.g., questioning an expert), and formulate and test tentative hypotheses.

6. Present and support the solution.

 As part of closure, teachers may require students to communicate, orally and/or in writing, their findings and recommendations. The product should include the problem statement, questions, data gathered, analysis of data, and support for solutions or recommendations based on the data analysis.